Indulgence versus Restraint (IND) was used as a specific background for the study which dealt with natural drives from indulgent to restraint (Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov, 2010).  The influence of this concept involved the degree which traditions dictate how communication should progress in a multicultural environment (Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov, 2010).

For the background of this study, communication was a key focus toward increasing cultural awareness and bridging the gap for the global community however, it is important to take a closer look at promoting intercultural cooperation which stems from one of Hofstede’s six dimensions (Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov, 2010). 

Promoting Intercultural Cooperation  Utilizing Hofstede's study, we gain a better understanding  As educators, we have the responsibility of promoting intercultural cooperation and encouraging a multicultural awareness. Many of our students come from a variety of countries and cultures. 
Educating our students on solving conflicts in a complex world can be challenging, but by developing a better understanding of various cultures and an understanding of different working styles, we can become better at conflict resolution.

Indulgence vs Restraint
Defining High / Low

Ten Differences Between
Indulgent and Restrained Societies

Understanding the Culture
of a Country Helps Guide the Communication Process